Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 59 of 300 #1459 of 1964

Problem 1459

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.1 Multiple choice

A quadrilateral that has consecutive sides of lengths 70,90,13070, 90, 130 and 110110 is inscribed in a circle and also has a circle inscribed in it. The point of tangency of the inscribed circle to the side of length 130130 divides that side into segments of lengths xx and yy. Find xy|x-y|:

Pick one

Official solution

1. Label the points of the quadrilateral. Let AB=70AB = 70, BC=90BC = 90, CD=130CD = 130, and DA=110DA = 110. Let OO be the center of the inscribed circle. Drop the perpendiculars from OO to the sides ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, and DADA, and call the points of tangency H1H_1, H2H_2, H3H_3, and H4H_4 respectively. Let AH1=aAH_1 = a, BH2=bBH_2 = b, CH3=cCH_3 = c, and DH4=dDH_4 = d.

2. By the properties of tangents from a point to a circle, we have:
AH1=AH4=a,BH1=BH2=b,CH2=CH3=c,DH3=DH4=d AH_1 = AH_4 = a, \quad BH_1 = BH_2 = b, \quad CH_2 = CH_3 = c, \quad DH_3 = DH_4 = d

3. Using the lengths of the sides, we can write the following equations:
a+b=70,b+c=90,c+d=130,a+d=110 a + b = 70, \quad b + c = 90, \quad c + d = 130, \quad a + d = 110

4. Since the quadrilateral is cyclic, we can use the fact that the sum of the opposite angles is 180180^\circ. However, this property is not directly needed for the solution. Instead, we use the fact that the tangents from a point to a circle are equal in length.

5. We need to solve the system of equations:
a+b=70(1) a + b = 70 \quad \text{(1)}
b+c=90(2) b + c = 90 \quad \text{(2)}
c+d=130(3) c + d = 130 \quad \text{(3)}
a+d=110(4) a + d = 110 \quad \text{(4)}

6. From equation (4), solve for aa:
a=110d a = 110 - d

7. Substitute a=110da = 110 - d into equation (1):
110d+b=70    b=d40(5) 110 - d + b = 70 \implies b = d - 40 \quad \text{(5)}

8. Substitute b=d40b = d - 40 into equation (2):
d40+c=90    c=130d(6) d - 40 + c = 90 \implies c = 130 - d \quad \text{(6)}

9. Substitute c=130dc = 130 - d into equation (3):
130d+d=130 130 - d + d = 130

10. Now, we need to find xx and yy such that x+y=130x + y = 130 and x=cx = c, y=dy = d. From equations (5) and (6), we have:
c=130d c = 130 - d

11. Let x=cx = c and y=dy = d. Then:
x=130y x = 130 - y

12. The difference xy|x - y| is:
xy=(130y)y=1302y |x - y| = |(130 - y) - y| = |130 - 2y|

13. Since c+d=130c + d = 130, we have c=1172c = \frac{117}{2} and d=1432d = \frac{143}{2}. Thus:
xy=11721432=262=13 |x - y| = \left| \frac{117}{2} - \frac{143}{2} \right| = \left| \frac{-26}{2} \right| = 13

Conclusion:
13 \boxed{13}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.