Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 60 of 300 #1460 of 1964

Problem 1460

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Algebra Difficulty 7.1 Prove it

Example 2 (2006 Turkey National Team Selection Exam) Given positive numbers x,y,zx, y, z satisfying xy+yz+zx=1x y+y z+z x=1, prove:
274(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)(x+y+y+z+z+x)263\frac{27}{4}(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \geq(\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{y+z}+\sqrt{z+x})^{2} \geq 6 \sqrt{3}

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

To prove: In fact, in the proof of Example 1, it has already been proven that
x+y+z9xyzx+y+z \geq 9xyz

Similarly, it is easy to prove that
x+y+z3x+y+z \geq \sqrt{3}

From Example 1 and the above two inequalities, it is easy to prove this problem. In fact,
on the one hand, we first prove:
274(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)(x+y+y+z+z+x)2\frac{27}{4}(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \geq (\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{y+z}+\sqrt{z+x})^{2}

By the two-variable mean inequality 2aba+b(a,bR+)2 \sqrt{ab} \leq a+b \left(a, b \in R^{+}\right), we get
(x+y+y+z+z+x)2=2(x+y+z)+2(x+y)(y+z)+2(y+z)(z+x)+2(z+x)(x+y)2(x+y+z)+(x+y)+(y+z)+(y+z)+(z+x)+(z+x)+(x+y)=6(x+y+z)\begin{aligned} & (\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{y+z}+\sqrt{z+x})^{2} \\ = & 2(x+y+z)+2 \sqrt{(x+y)(y+z)}+2 \sqrt{(y+z)(z+x)}+2 \sqrt{(z+x)(x+y)} \\ \leq & 2(x+y+z)+(x+y)+(y+z)+(y+z)+(z+x)+(z+x)+(x+y) \\ = & 6(x+y+z) \end{aligned}

Thus, to prove inequality (1), it is only necessary to prove the following inequality.
274(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)6(x+y+z)\frac{27}{4}(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) \geq 6(x+y+z)

This is clearly a transformation of Example 1, so inequality (**) holds.
On the other hand, we then prove:
(x+y+y+z+z+x)263(\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{y+z}+\sqrt{z+x})^{2} \geq 6 \sqrt{3}

By the three-variable mean inequality, Example 1, and x+y+z3x+y+z \geq \sqrt{3}, we get
(x+y+y+z+z+x)2=2(x+y+z)+2[(x+y)(y+z)+(y+z)(z+x)+(z+x)(x+y)]2(x+y+z)+23(x+y)(y+z)(y+z)(z+x)(z+x)(x+y)3=2(x+y+z)+6(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)32(x+y+z)+689(x+y+z)323+68933=63\begin{aligned} & (\sqrt{x+y}+\sqrt{y+z}+\sqrt{z+x})^{2} \\ = & 2(x+y+z)+2[\sqrt{(x+y)(y+z)}+\sqrt{(y+z)(z+x)}+\sqrt{(z+x)(x+y)}] \\ \geq & 2(x+y+z)+2 \cdot 3 \sqrt[3]{\sqrt{(x+y)(y+z)} \cdot \sqrt{(y+z)(z+x)} \cdot \sqrt{(z+x)(x+y)}} \\ = & 2(x+y+z)+6 \sqrt[3]{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)} \\ \geq & 2(x+y+z)+6 \sqrt[3]{\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)} \\ \geq & 2 \sqrt{3}+6 \sqrt[3]{\frac{8}{9} \cdot \sqrt{3}} \\ = & 6 \sqrt{3} \end{aligned}

Thus, inequality (2) is proven.
In summary, the given inequality holds.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.