Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 3 / 230 of 260 #230 of 1964

Problem 230

AMC 10/12, early questions
Algebra Difficulty 3.8 Find the answer

Given two complex numbers z1z_1 and z2z_2 which satisfy z1=m+(4m2)iz_1 = m + (4 - m^2)i and z2=2cosθ+(λ+3sinθ)iz_2 = 2\cos \theta+( \lambda + 3\sin \theta)i where mm, λ\lambda, θR\theta \in \mathbb{R}, and z1=z2z_1 = z_2, determine the range of possible values for λ\lambda.

A number or a short expression. Spacing, $ signs and \frac vs / are all fine.

Official solution

To solve for λ\lambda, we equate the real and imaginary parts of z1z_1 and z2z_2 according to the property that two complex numbers are equal if and only if their corresponding real and imaginary parts are equal.

From the real parts, we have:
m=2cosθm = 2\cos \theta
From the imaginary parts, we have:
4m2=λ+3sinθ4 - m^2 = \lambda + 3\sin \theta
Substitute m=2cosθm = 2\cos \theta into the second equation:
λ=44cos2θ3sinθ\lambda = 4 - 4\cos^2 \theta - 3\sin \theta
Using the Pythagorean identity sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1, we can rewrite the equation as:
λ=44(1sin2θ)3sinθ\lambda = 4 - 4(1 - \sin^2 \theta) - 3\sin \theta
=4sin2θ3sinθ= 4\sin^2 \theta - 3\sin \theta
To simplify further, complete the square for sinθ\sin \theta:
λ=4(sinθ38)2916\lambda = 4\left( \sin \theta - \frac{3}{8} \right)^2 - \frac{9}{16}

Since the sine function is bounded between -1 and 1, i.e., 1sinθ1-1 \leq \sin \theta \leq 1, the minimum and maximum of the quadratic expression in the parentheses occur either at the vertex or at one of the endpoints of the interval.

The vertex of (sinθ38)2\left( \sin \theta - \frac{3}{8} \right)^2 is at sinθ=38\sin \theta = \frac{3}{8} which gives the minimum value for λ\lambda:
λmin=916\lambda_{\min} = - \frac{9}{16}

The maximum value for λ\lambda occurs at the endpoint where sinθ=1\sin \theta = -1:
λmax=4(138)2916=7\lambda_{\max} = 4\left( -1 - \frac{3}{8} \right)^2 - \frac{9}{16} = 7

Thus, the range of possible values for λ\lambda is:
[916,7]\boxed{\left[- \frac{9}{16}, 7\right]}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.