Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 398 of 400 #1398 of 1964

Problem 1398

National olympiad, first round
Geometry Difficulty 7.0 Prove it

Let O=(0,0),A=(0,a),andB=(0,b)O = (0,0), A = (0,a), and B = (0,b), where 0<b<a0<b<a are reals. Let Γ\Gamma be a circle with diameter AB\overline{AB} and let PP be any other point on Γ\Gamma. Line PAPA meets the x-axis again at QQ. Prove that angle BQP=BOP\angle BQP = \angle BOP.

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. Identify the coordinates of points:
- O=(0,0) O = (0,0)
- A=(0,a) A = (0,a)
- B=(0,b) B = (0,b)
- Γ \Gamma is a circle with diameter AB\overline{AB}, so the center of Γ\Gamma is the midpoint of AB\overline{AB}, which is (0,a+b2)\left(0, \frac{a+b}{2}\right).

2. **Properties of the circle Γ\Gamma:**
- Since AB\overline{AB} is the diameter, any point PP on Γ\Gamma will form a right angle with AB\overline{AB} at PP. This is due to the inscribed angle theorem, which states that an angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.

3. **Angle BPA\angle BPA:**
- Since AB\overline{AB} is the diameter, BPA=90\angle BPA = 90^\circ.

4. **Coordinates of point QQ:**
- Line PAPA meets the x-axis again at QQ. Since AA is on the y-axis, the line PAPA will intersect the x-axis at some point QQ with coordinates (x,0)(x, 0).

5. **Angle BQP\angle BQP:**
- We need to show that BQP=BOP\angle BQP = \angle BOP.

6. Right angles in the configuration:
- Since QQ and OO are on the x-axis, and BB is on the y-axis, BOQ=90\angle BOQ = 90^\circ.

7. **Cyclic quadrilateral BPOQBPOQ:**
- To prove that BQP=BOP\angle BQP = \angle BOP, we need to show that BPOQBPOQ is a cyclic quadrilateral.
- Since BPA=90\angle BPA = 90^\circ and BOQ=90\angle BOQ = 90^\circ, we have two right angles.
- In a cyclic quadrilateral, opposite angles sum to 180180^\circ. Here, BPA+BOQ=90+90=180\angle BPA + \angle BOQ = 90^\circ + 90^\circ = 180^\circ.

8. Conclusion:
- Since BPA\angle BPA and BOQ\angle BOQ are supplementary, BPOQBPOQ is a cyclic quadrilateral.
- Therefore, BQP=BOP\angle BQP = \angle BOP.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.