Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 6 / 295 of 400 #1295 of 1964

Problem 1295

National olympiad, first round
Number theory Difficulty 6.5 Find the answer

Let AA and BB be digits between 00 and 99, and suppose that the product of the two-digit numbers AB\overline{AB} and BA\overline{BA} is equal to kk. Given that k+1k+1 is a multiple of 101101, find kk.

[i]Proposed by Andrew Wu[/i]

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Official solution

1. Let AB\overline{AB} represent the two-digit number formed by the digits AA and BB. Thus, AB=10A+B\overline{AB} = 10A + B.
2. Similarly, let BA\overline{BA} represent the two-digit number formed by the digits BB and AA. Thus, BA=10B+A\overline{BA} = 10B + A.
3. The product of these two numbers is given by:
k=(10A+B)(10B+A) k = (10A + B)(10B + A)
4. Expanding the product, we get:
k=10A10B+10AA+B10B+BA k = 10A \cdot 10B + 10A \cdot A + B \cdot 10B + B \cdot A
k=100AB+10A2+10B2+AB k = 100AB + 10A^2 + 10B^2 + AB
k=101AB+10A2+10B2 k = 101AB + 10A^2 + 10B^2
5. We are given that k+1k + 1 is a multiple of 101101. Therefore:
k+1=101AB+10A2+10B2+1 k + 1 = 101AB + 10A^2 + 10B^2 + 1
must be divisible by 101101.
6. Since 101AB101AB is already divisible by 101101, we need:
10A2+10B2+10(mod101) 10A^2 + 10B^2 + 1 \equiv 0 \pmod{101}
7. Simplifying, we get:
10A2+10B21(mod101) 10A^2 + 10B^2 \equiv -1 \pmod{101}
10(A2+B2)1(mod101) 10(A^2 + B^2) \equiv -1 \pmod{101}
8. Dividing both sides by 1010, we get:
A2+B2110(mod101) A^2 + B^2 \equiv -\frac{1}{10} \pmod{101}
Since 10191(mod101)10^{-1} \equiv 91 \pmod{101} (because 10911(mod101)10 \cdot 91 \equiv 1 \pmod{101}), we have:
A2+B291(mod101) A^2 + B^2 \equiv -91 \pmod{101}
A2+B210(mod101) A^2 + B^2 \equiv 10 \pmod{101}
9. We need to find digits AA and BB (between 00 and 99) such that:
A2+B2=10 A^2 + B^2 = 10
10. Checking possible values, we find:
- A=1A = 1 and B=3B = 3 (since 12+32=1+9=101^2 + 3^2 = 1 + 9 = 10)
- A=3A = 3 and B=1B = 1 (since 32+12=9+1=103^2 + 1^2 = 9 + 1 = 10)

11. Therefore, the possible values for AA and BB are (1,3)(1, 3) and (3,1)(3, 1).

12. Calculating kk for these values:
- For A=1A = 1 and B=3B = 3:
k=(101+3)(103+1)=1331=403 k = (10 \cdot 1 + 3)(10 \cdot 3 + 1) = 13 \cdot 31 = 403
- For A=3A = 3 and B=1B = 1:
k=(103+1)(101+3)=3113=403 k = (10 \cdot 3 + 1)(10 \cdot 1 + 3) = 31 \cdot 13 = 403

Thus, in both cases, we get the same value for kk.

The final answer is 403\boxed{403}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.