Four. (50 points) Given that and are two points on a horizontal line with a distance of a positive integer, and is any broken line with and as endpoints. If points and are on the broken line , and , then is called a horizontal chord of the broken line . Prove: For any positive integer , there must be a horizontal chord of length on the broken line .
Problem 1121
Official solution
Lemma: For any broken line with and as its two endpoints, if there are neither horizontal chords of length nor horizontal chords of length , then there are also no horizontal chords of length .
Proof: Suppose there is a chord of length on the broken line . If we translate the broken line to the right by a distance of , we obtain the broken line . Then, the two broken lines intersect; otherwise, they do not intersect.
Translate the broken line to the right by a distance of to get the broken line , and then translate it to the right by a distance of to get the broken line . The broken line will not intersect with the broken line , and the broken line will not intersect with . Thus, and are on opposite sides of the broken line . Therefore, they will not intersect.
Hence, there are no horizontal chords of length .
The lemma is proved.
According to the lemma, if the broken line has no horizontal chords of length , then it has no horizontal chords of length , and no horizontal chords of length , and so on, no horizontal chords of length . Thus, for any positive integer , similarly, there are no horizontal chords of length . Since has no horizontal chords of any positive integer length, but the segment itself is a chord of positive integer length, this is a contradiction.
Therefore, the original problem is proved.