Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 92 of 300 #1492 of 1964

Problem 1492

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Algebra Difficulty 7.2 Prove it

Given positive real numbers x,y,zx, y, z satisfying xyz1x y z \geqslant 1, prove:
x5x2x5+y2+z2+y5y2y5+z2+x2+z5z2z5+x2+y2011\frac{x^{5}-x^{2}}{x^{5}+y^{2}+z^{2}}+\frac{y^{5}-y^{2}}{y^{5}+z^{2}+x^{2}}+\frac{z^{5}-z^{2}}{z^{5}+x^{2}+y^{2}} \geqslant 0^{11} \text {. }

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

Obviously, equation (1)
x5x5+y2+z2+y5y5+z2+x2+z5z5+x2+y2x2x5+y2+z2+y2y5+z2+x2+z2z5+x2+y2\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \frac{x^{5}}{x^{5}+y^{2}+z^{2}}+\frac{y^{5}}{y^{5}+z^{2}+x^{2}}+\frac{z^{5}}{z^{5}+x^{2}+y^{2}} \\ \geqslant \frac{x^{2}}{x^{5}+y^{2}+z^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{y^{5}+z^{2}+x^{2}}+\frac{z^{2}}{z^{5}+x^{2}+y^{2}} \end{array}

Lemma: For positive real numbers x,y,zx, y, z satisfying xyz1xyz \geqslant 1, and real numbers a,ba, b satisfying a>b0a > b \geqslant 0, prove:
xa+ya+zaxb+yb+zb.x^{a}+y^{a}+z^{a} \geqslant x^{b}+y^{b}+z^{b}.

Proof of the lemma: Without loss of generality, assume xyzx \geqslant y \geqslant z, then
xbybzb,xabyabzab.x^{b} \geqslant y^{b} \geqslant z^{b}, \quad x^{a-b} \geqslant y^{a-b} \geqslant z^{a-b}.

By the rearrangement inequality, we have
\begin{array}{l} x^{b} y^{a-b} + y^{b} z^{a-b} + z^{b} x^{a-b} \leqslant x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{a}, \\ x^{b} z^{a-b} + y^{b} x^{a-b} + z^{b} y^{a-b} \leqslant x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{a}. \\ \text{Thus, }\left(x^{b} + y^{b} + z^{b}\right)\left(x^{a-b} + y^{a-b} + z^{a-b}\right) \\ = \left(x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{b}\right) + \left(x^{b} y^{a-b} + y^{b} z^{a-b} + \\ \left. z^{b} x^{a-b}\right) + \left(x^{b} z^{a-b} + y^{b} x^{a-b} + z^{b} y^{a-b}\right) \\ \leqslant 3\left(x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{a}\right). \\ \text{Also, }\left(x^{b} + y^{b} + z^{b}\right)\left(x^{a-b} + y^{a-b} + z^{a-b}\right) \\ \geqslant \left(x^{b} + y^{b} + z^{b}\right) 3 \sqrt[3]{x^{a-b} y^{a-b} z^{a-b}} \\ \geqslant 3\left(x^{b} + y^{b} + z^{b}\right), \\ x^{a} + y^{a} + z^{a} \geqslant x^{b} + y^{b} + z^{b}. \end{array}

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.