Maths Olympiad Prep

Track / Stage 7 / 91 of 300 #1491 of 1964

Problem 1491

National olympiad second round; IMO P1/P4
Geometry Difficulty 7.2 Prove it

A circle with center OO is inscribed in an angle. Let AA be the reflection of OO across one side of the angle. Tangents to the circle from AA intersect the other side of the angle at points BB and CC. Prove that the circumcenter of triangle ABCABC lies on the bisector of the original angle.

(I.Sharygin)

This one wants a proof. Work it on paper, then read the official solution and mark yourself. Be honest about it: the record is only any use to you if it is.

Official solution

1. **Reflecting the Center O O Across One Side of the Angle:**
Let O O be the center of the inscribed circle, and let A A be the reflection of O O across one side of the angle. This means that A A is equidistant from the side of the angle as O O but on the opposite side.

2. **Tangents from A A to the Circle:**
Tangents to the circle from A A intersect the other side of the angle at points B B and C C . Since A A is the reflection of O O , the tangents from A A to the circle are equal in length. Therefore, AB=AC AB = AC .

3. **Circumcircle of ABC \triangle ABC :**
Let (ABC) (ABC) be the circumcircle of ABC \triangle ABC . We need to show that the circumcenter of ABC \triangle ABC lies on the bisector of the original angle.

4. **Intersection Points Q Q and R R :**
Let (ABC) (ABC) intersect the side of the angle O O was reflected across at points Q Q and R R . Because QR QR bisects AO AO , it follows from the incenter-excenter lemma that Q Q and R R are the midpoints of the arcs AB AB not including C C and arc AC AC not including B B , or arc AB AB including C C and arc AC AC including B B (not necessarily in that order depending on the configuration).

5. Isosceles Trapezoid Formation:
Points Q,B,C,R Q, B, C, R form an isosceles trapezoid. This is because Q Q and R R are the midpoints of the arcs, and thus QB=QC QB = QC and RB=RC RB = RC . The line TO TO (where T T is the point where the angle bisector intersects the side of the angle) coincides with the perpendicular bisector of the bases of this trapezoid.

6. Conclusion:
Since the perpendicular bisector of the bases of the isosceles trapezoid Q,B,C,R Q, B, C, R is the angle bisector, the circumcenter of ABC \triangle ABC lies on the bisector of the original angle.

\blacksquare

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic, difficulty and ordering added by this site.