Maths Olympiad Prep

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Problem 487

Geometry Difficulty 2.3 Find the answer CEMC Cayley

In triangle XYZXYZ, XY=XZXY=XZ and WW is on XZXZ such that XW=WY=YZXW=WY=YZ. What is the measure of ∠XYW\angle XYW?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

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Official solution

Let ∠XYW=θ\angle XYW=\theta. Since △XYW\triangle XYW is isosceles with WX=WYWX=WY, then ∠YXW=∠XYW=θ\angle YXW=\angle XYW=\theta. Since the sum of the angles in △XYW\triangle XYW is 180∘180^{\circ}, then ∠XWY=180∘−2θ\angle XWY=180^{\circ}-2\theta. Since ∠XWY+∠ZWY=180∘\angle XWY+\angle ZWY=180^{\circ}, then ∠ZWY=180∘−(180∘−2θ)=2θ\angle ZWY=180^{\circ}-(180^{\circ}-2\theta)=2\theta. Since △YWZ\triangle YWZ is isosceles with YW=YZYW=YZ, then ∠YZW=∠ZWY=2θ\angle YZW=\angle ZWY=2\theta. Since △XYZ\triangle XYZ is isosceles, with XY=XZXY=XZ, then ∠XYZ=∠XZY=2θ\angle XYZ=\angle XZY=2\theta. Since the sum of the angles in △XYZ\triangle XYZ is 180∘180^{\circ}, then ∠XYZ+∠XZY+∠YXZ=180∘\angle XYZ+\angle XZY+\angle YXZ=180^{\circ} or 2θ+2θ+θ=180∘2\theta+2\theta+\theta=180^{\circ}, or 5θ=180∘5\theta=180^{\circ}, or θ=36∘\theta=36^{\circ}.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty, ordering) added by this project.