Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2020

Algebra Difficulty 2.5 Junior Find the answer Canada

Juliana chooses three different numbers from the set {6,4,2,0,1,3,5,7}\{-6,-4,-2,0,1,3,5,7\} and multiplies them together to obtain the integer nn. What is the greatest possible value of nn?

168168
00
1515
105105
210210

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Since 3×5×7=1053 \times 5 \times 7 = 105, then the greatest possible value of nn is at least 105.

In particular, the greatest possible value of nn must be positive.

For the product of three numbers to be positive, either all three numbers are positive (that is, none of the numbers is negative) or one number is positive and two numbers are negative. (If there were an odd number of negative factors, the product would be negative.)

If all three numbers are positive, the product is as large as possible when the three numbers are each as large as possible. In this case, the greatest possible value of nn is 3×5×7=1053 \times 5 \times 7 = 105.

If one number is positive and two numbers are negative, their product is as large as possible if the positive number is as large as possible (7) and the product of the two negative numbers is as large as possible.

The product of the two negative numbers will be as large as possible when the negative numbers are each “as negative as possible” (that is, as far from 0 as possible). In this case, these numbers are thus 4-4 and 6-6 with product (4)×(6)=24(-4) \times (-6) = 24. (We can check the other possible products of two negative numbers and see that none is as large.)

So the greatest possible value of nn in this case is 7×(4)×(6)=7×24=1687 \times (-4) \times (-6) = 7 \times 24 = 168.

Combining the two cases, we see that the greatest possible value of nn is 168.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.