Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 1.2 Junior Find the answer Canada

For which of the following values of xx is x 3 lt; x 2\text{x 3 lt; x 2}?

Pick one

Solution

If x=1x = 1, then x2=1x^2 = 1 and x3=1x^3 = 1 and so x3=x2x^3=x^2.

If x gt;1\text{x gt;1}, then x3x^3 equals xx times x2x^2; since x gt;1\text{x gt;1}, then xx times x2x^2 is greater than x2x^2 and so x 3 gt; x 2\text{x 3 gt; x 2}.

Therefore, if xx is positive with x 3 lt; x 2\text{x 3 lt; x 2}, we must have 0 lt;x lt;1\text{0 lt;x lt;1}. We note that if 0 lt; x lt; 1\text{0 lt; x lt; 1}, then both xx, x2x^2 and x3x^3 are all positive, and x 3 = x 2 x lt; x 2 1 = x 2\text{x 3 = x 2 x lt; x 2 1 = x 2}.

Of the given choices, only x=34x = \frac{3}{4} satisfies 0 lt; x lt; 1\text{0 lt; x lt; 1}, and so the answer is (B).

We can verify by direct calculation that this is the only correct answer from the given choices.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.