Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2016

Algebra Difficulty 1.6 Junior Find the answer Canada

Each of ,\square, \triangle and \blacklozenge represents a non-zero number. If =++\square=\triangle+\triangle+\triangle and =+\square=\blacklozenge+\blacklozenge, then ++\square+\blacklozenge+\triangle equals

+\square+\triangle
++++\blacklozenge+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle
++\blacklozenge+\blacklozenge+\square
++++\triangle+\triangle+\triangle+\blacklozenge+\blacklozenge
++++\blacklozenge+\blacklozenge+\blacklozenge+\triangle+\triangle

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Since =++\square=\triangle+\triangle+\triangle, then by adding a \blacklozenge to each side we get +=+++\square+\blacklozenge=\blacklozenge+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle.

Since +=+++\square+\blacklozenge=\blacklozenge+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle, then by adding a \triangle to each side we get that ++=++++\square+\blacklozenge+\triangle=\blacklozenge+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle+\triangle.

(Can you explain why each of the other answers is not equal to ++\square+\blacklozenge+\triangle?)

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.