Maths Olympiad Prep

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Number theory Difficulty 4.8 AIME Find the answer Canada

A Katende number is a four-digit positive integer where
the first two digits and the last two digits, in order, form two
integers that are increasing consecutive multiples of some positive
integer. For example, 20252025 is a
Katende number because $20 = 4 ×\times
5$ and 25=5×525 = 5 \times 5.
Also, 23462346 and 2324 are Katende
numbers. How many Katende numbers are there that are greater than 24002400 and less than 26002600?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

We will count the Katende numbers that are at least 24012401 and at most 24992499, then we will count those that are
at least 25002500 and at most 25992599.

Suppose 24AB24AB is a Katende number
where AA and BB are the tens and units digits of the
integer.

Then there must be integers nn and
mm such that nm=24nm=24 and n(m+1)=ABn(m+1)=AB.

Therefore, (n,m)(n,m) must be a divisor
pair of 2424, so (n,m)(n,m) is one of (1,24)(1,24), (2,12)(2,12), (3,8)(3,8), (4,6)(4,6), (6,4)(6,4), (8,3)(8,3), (12,2)(12,2), (24,1)(24,1).

If n=1n=1 and m=24m=24, then n(m+1)=25n(m+1)=25, which gives the Katende number
24252425.

Continuing in this way with the other seven divisor pairs of 2424, we get the Katende numbers 24262426, 24272427, 24282428, 24302430, 24322432, 24362436, 24482448.

There are a total of 88 Katende
numbers with first two digits 2424.

Using similar reasoning, assume that 25AB25AB is a Katende number. Then there must
be integers nn and mm such that 25=nm25=nm and AB=n(m+1)AB=n(m+1).

The divisor pairs (n,m)(n,m) of 2525 are (1,25)(1,25), (5,5)(5,5), (25,1)(25,1).

These lead to the Katende numbers 25262526, 25302530, and 25502550, for a total of 33.

Adding to the earlier total of 88
Katende numbers, we find that there are 8+3=118+3=11 Katende numbers that are greater
than 24002400 and less than 26002600.

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Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.