Denali compiles a list of all 5-letter strings that can be formed
using the letters , , , , and . He lists the strings in alphabetical
order starting with and
ending with . How many times
does the letter occur in the
2026th string of Denali’s list?
, 2026
Pick one
Solution
The choice of letters for
each of the positions within the
string gives a total of
different strings in the list.
Of these strings, begin
with the letter , begin with the letter , and so on to .
That is, there are strings that
begin with each of the letters
through . Thus, the th string is the last
string that begins with (this is
), and the th string is the last
string that begins with (this is
).
This tells us that the first letter in the 2026th string is .
Of the strings that begin
with , have second letter , have second letter , and so on to . That is, there are strings having each
of the second letters through
. Thus, the th string is the last string
that begins with and has second
letter (this is ), and the th string is the last
string that begins with and has
second letter (this is ).
This tells us that the 2001st string is , and the first two letters in the
2026th string are .
Of the strings that begin
with , have third letter , have third letter , and so on to . That is, there are strings beginning
with . The 2001st of these is
and the th is . Thus, the 2026th string is the
next string following which
is , and so the 2026th string
in the list has Bs.