Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /239 of 241

, 2026

Number theory Difficulty 4.9 AIME Find the answer Canada

The consecutive integers from 11 to 2k2k are written in order. Arthur erases
kk consecutive integers from this
list. The remaining integers have a sum of 819819. What is the sum of all possible
values of kk?

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

The sum of the first 2k2k
positive integers is 1+2+3++(2k1)+2k=2k(2k+1)2=4k2+2k21+2+3+\cdots+(2k-1)+2k = \dfrac{2k(2k+1)}{2}=\dfrac{4k^2+2k}{2} The sum of the kk consecutive integers starting at m1m\geq 1 is m+(m+1)+(m+2)++(m+k1)=km+(1+2+3++(k1))=km+(k1)k2=k2+2kmk2\begin{align*} m + (m+1) + (m+2) + \cdots + (m+k-1) &= km + (1+2+3+\cdots+(k-1)) \\ &= km + \dfrac{(k-1)k}{2} \\ &= \dfrac{k^2+2km-k}{2}\end{align*} Note that we must have
mk+1m\leq k+1, otherwise m+k1>2km+k-1>2k. Thus, the sum of the
remaining integers is 4k2+2k2(k2+2kmk2)=3k22km+3k2\dfrac{4k^2+2k}{2} - \left(\dfrac{k^2+2km-k}{2}\right) = \dfrac{3k^2-2km+3k}{2} So,
we are looking for positive integer pairs (k,m)(k,m) for which 1mk+11\leq m \leq k+1 and 3k22km+3k2=819\dfrac{3k^2-2km+3k}{2} = 819 Rearranging
and factoring, this equation is k(3k2m+3)=1638k(3k-2m+3) = 1638 Thus, we have that (k,3k2m+3)(k,3k-2m+3) is a divisor pair of 16381638. We are assuming that mk+1m\leq k+1, and so m<k+2m < k+2, from which it follows that
2m>2k4-2m > -2k-4. Therefore, we have
(3k2m+3)k=2k2m+3>2k+(2k4)+3=1\begin{align*} (3k-2m+3) - k &= 2k-2m+3 \\ &> 2k+(-2k-4) + 3 \\ &= -1 \\\end{align*} Note that for an integer to be
greater than 1-1, it must be at
least 00. Therefore, (3k2m+3)k(3k-2m+3) \geq k, and so in each divisor
pair, (k,3km+3)(k,3k-m+3), 3km+33k-m+3 is the greater of the two. (16381638 is not a perfect square, so the
divisors will never be equal.) The ordered divisor pairs of
16381638 are

(1,1638)(1,1638), (7,234)(7,234), (18,91)(18,91), (2,819)(2,819), (9,182)(9,182), (21,78)(21,78), (3,546)(3,546), (13,126)(13,126), (26,63)(26,63), (6,273)(6,273), (14,117)(14,117), (39,42)(39,42)

Now observe that $3(k+1) - (3k-2m+3) = 2m
> 0$. Therefore, if we triple one more than the smaller
divisor, the result must exceed the larger divisor. Of the divisor pairs
above, only (26,63)(26,63) and (39,42)(39,42) have this property.

If k=26k=26 and 3k2m+3=633k-2m+3=63, then m=9m=9, and if k=39k=39 and 3k2m+3=423k-2m+3=42, then m=39m=39.

The only two possible values of kk are k=26k=26 and k=39k=39, and their sum is 26+39=6526+39=65.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,444 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.