Andreas, Boyu, Callista, and Diane each randomly choose an
integer from 1 to 9, inclusive. Each of their choices is independent of
the other integers chosen and the same integer can be chosen by more
than one person. The probability that the sum of their four integers is
even is equal to
for some positive integer . What
is the sum of the squares of the digits of ?
, 2022
Solution
Suppose that Andreas, Boyu, Callista, and Diane choose the
numbers , , , and , respectively.
There are 9 choices for each of ,
, , and , so the total number of quadruples
of choices is .
Among the 9 choices, 5 are odd () and 4 are even ().
If there are quadruples with even (that is, with the sum of
their choices even), then the probability that the sum of their four
integers is even is , which is in the desired
form.
Therefore, we count the number of quadruples with even.
Among the four integer , , , , either 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 of these
integers are even, with the remaining integers odd.
If 0 of , , ,
are even and 4 are odd, their sum is even.
If 1 of , , ,
is even and 3 are odd, their sum is odd.
If 2 of , , ,
are even and 2 are odd, their sum is even.
If 3 of , , ,
are even and 1 is odd, their sum is odd.
If 4 of , , ,
are even and 0 are odd, their sum is even.
Therefore, we need to count the number of quadruples with 0, 2 or 4 even parts.
If 0 are even and 4 are odd, there are 5 choices for each of the
parts, and so there are
such quadruples.
If 4 are even and 0 are odd, there are 4 choices for each of the parts,
and so there are such
quadruples.
If 2 are even and 2 are odd, there are 4 choices for each of the even
parts and 5 choices for each of the odd parts, and 6 pairs of locations
for the even integers ($ab, ac, ad, bc, bd,
cd$) with the odd integers put in the remaining two locations
after the locations of the even integers are chosen. Thus, there are
such
quadruples.
In total, this means that there are $625 +
256 + 2400 = 3281N = 3281$.
The sum of the squares of the digits of is equal to $3^2 + 2^2 + 8^2 + 1^2 = 9 + 4 + 64 + 1 =
78$.