Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / CEMC Cayley /381 of 470

CEMC Cayley, 2015

Algebra Difficulty 2.7 Junior Find the answer Canada

The average of a list of three consecutive odd integers is 7. When a fourth positive integer, mm, different from the first three, is included in the list, the average of the list is an integer. What is the sum of the three smallest possible values of mm?

Pick one

Solution

We are given that three consecutive odd integers have an average of 7.

These three integers must be 5, 7 and 9.

One way to see this is to let the three integers be a−2,a,a+2a-2,a,a+2. (Consecutive odd integers differ by 2.)

Since the average of these three integers is 7, then their sum is 3⋅7=213\cdot 7 = 21.

Thus, (a−2)+a+(a+2)=21(a-2)+a+(a+2)=21 or 3a=213a=21 and so a=7a=7.

When mm is included, the average of the four integers equals their sum divided by 4, or 21+m4\dfrac{21+m}{4}.

This average is an integer whenever 21+m21+m is divisible by 4.

Since 21 is 1 more than a multiple of 4, then mm must be 1 less than a multiple of 4 for the sum 21+m21+m to be a multiple of 4.

The smallest positive integers mm that are 1 less than a multiple of 4 are 3, 7, 11, 15, 19.

Since mm cannot be equal to any of the original three integers 5, 7 and 9, then the three smallest possible values of mm are 3, 11 and 15.

The sum of these possible values is 3+11+15=293+11+15=29.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,604 problems in a working order, from Junior Challenge level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: CEMC, University of Waterloo, licensed CC-BY-NC-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.