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Saudi Arabian Mathematical Competitions

Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National Olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

Points A1,B1,C1A_{1}, B_{1}, C_{1} lie on the sides BCBC, ACAC and ABAB of a triangle ABCABC, respectively, such that AB1−AC1=CA1−CB1=BC1−BA1AB_{1} - AC_{1} = CA_{1} - CB_{1} = BC_{1} - BA_{1}. Let IA,IB,ICI_{A}, I_{B}, I_{C} be the incenters of triangles AB1C1AB_{1}C_{1}, A1BC1A_{1}BC_{1} and A1B1CA_{1}B_{1}C respectively. Prove that the circumcenter of triangle IAIBICI_{A}I_{B}I_{C} is the incenter of triangle ABCABC.

Solution

If we orient positively the line ABAB from AA to BB, the line BCBC from BB to CC and the line CACA from CC to AA, we get
B1A‾−AC1‾=A1C‾−CB1‾=C1B‾−BA1‾. \overline{B_{1}A} - \overline{AC_{1}} = \overline{A_{1}C} - \overline{CB_{1}} = \overline{C_{1}B} - \overline{BA_{1}}.
Let A0,B0,C0A_{0}, B_{0}, C_{0} be the intouch points of the incircle of triangle ABCABC and the sides BCBC, CACA, ABAB, respectively. We have
B1A‾−AC1‾=B1B0‾+B0A‾−AC0‾−C0C1‾=B1B0‾+C1C0‾, \overline{B_{1}A} - \overline{AC_{1}} = \overline{B_{1}B_{0}} + \overline{B_{0}A} - \overline{AC_{0}} - \overline{C_{0}C_{1}} = \overline{B_{1}B_{0}} + \overline{C_{1}C_{0}},
and similarly A1C‾−CB1‾=A1A0‾+B1B0‾\overline{A_{1}C} - \overline{CB_{1}} = \overline{A_{1}A_{0}} + \overline{B_{1}B_{0}}, and C1B‾−BA1‾=C1C0‾+A1A0‾\overline{C_{1}B} - \overline{BA_{1}} = \overline{C_{1}C_{0}} + \overline{A_{1}A_{0}}. We deduce that
B1B0‾+C1C0‾=A1A0‾+B1B0‾=C1C0‾+A1A0‾, \overline{B_{1}B_{0}} + \overline{C_{1}C_{0}} = \overline{A_{1}A_{0}} + \overline{B_{1}B_{0}} = \overline{C_{1}C_{0}} + \overline{A_{1}A_{0}},
which is equivalent to
A0A1‾=B0B1‾=C0C1‾. \overline{A_{0}A_{1}} = \overline{B_{0}B_{1}} = \overline{C_{0}C_{1}}.
Because IA0=IB0=IC0IA_{0} = IB_{0} = IC_{0} and ∠A1A0I=∠B1B0I=∠C1C0I\angle A_{1}A_{0}I = \angle B_{1}B_{0}I = \angle C_{1}C_{0}I, the triangles IA0A1IA_{0}A_{1}, IB0B1IB_{0}B_{1} and IC0C1IC_{0}C_{1} are congruent and II is the circumcenter of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}.

Figure 1

Because ∠AB0I=∠BC0I=90∘\angle AB_{0}I = \angle BC_{0}I = 90^{\circ}, quadrilateral AC0IB0AC_{0}IB_{0} is cyclic. Because ∠B0IB1=∠C0IC1\angle B_{0}IB_{1} = \angle C_{0}IC_{1}, we have ∠B1IC1=∠B0IC0=180∘−∠B1AC1\angle B_{1}IC_{1} = \angle B_{0}IC_{0} = 180^{\circ} - \angle B_{1}AC_{1}. We deduce that quadrilateral AC1IB1AC_{1}IB_{1} is cyclic.
Because II is the midpoint of the minor arc⁡C1B1^\operatorname{arc} \widehat{C_{1}B_{1}} of the circumcircle of triangle AC1B1AC_{1}B_{1} not containing AA, we deduce that IB1=IC1=II1IB_{1} = IC_{1} = II_{1}. Therefore IAI_{A} is on the circumcircle of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1} of center II.
Similarly, one can prove that IB,ICI_{B}, I_{C} are on the circumcircle of triangle A1B1C1A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}. Hence the circumcenter of triangle IAIBICI_{A}I_{B}I_{C} is the incenter of triangle ABCABC.

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