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Geometry Difficulty 8.0 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Germany

Problem:

Let a triangle ABCABC with AB+BC=3AC\overline{AB} + \overline{BC} = 3 \overline{AC} be given. Let its incircle have center II and touch the sides ABAB at DD and BCBC at EE respectively. Furthermore let KK and LL be the reflection points of DD and EE respectively with respect to II.

Prove that the quadrilateral ACKLACKL is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Solution

Solution:

For the points mentioned in the problem statement we denote the point of contact of the incircle with ACAC by FF, the midpoint of ACAC by SS, the intersection point of wβw_{\beta} and the perpendicular bisector mACm_{AC} by PP, the reflection point of BB with respect to II by RR, the midpoint of BIBI by TT, and the pairwise equal segments on the sides of the triangle by x,yx, y and zz respectively (see figure).

From AB+BC=3AC\overline{AB} + \overline{BC} = 3 \overline{AC} it follows that
x+z+z+y=3(x+y)x + z + z + y = 3(x + y), hence (I) z=x+yz = x + y. It is well known that PP lies on the circumcircle of ABCABC. Therefore CAP=CBP=PBA=PCA=β2\angle CAP = \angle CBP = \angle PBA = \angle PCA = \frac{\beta}{2} and AP=CP\overline{AP} = \overline{CP}. The triangles ASPASP and BEIBEI are similar, and since AS=12AC=x+y2=z2=12BE\overline{AS} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{AC} = \frac{x + y}{2} = \frac{z}{2} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{BE}, denoting by rr the inradius, we have

Figure 1

(II) SP=12EI=r2\overline{SP} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{EI} = \frac{r}{2} as well as AP=12BI\overline{AP} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{BI}.
For the area FF of triangle ABCABC we have F=rs=s(sa)(sb)(sc)F = r s = \sqrt{s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)}, where s=a+b+c2=x+y+zs = \frac{a + b + c}{2} = x + y + z. Hence r(x+y+z)=(x+y+z)xyzr(x + y + z) = \sqrt{(x + y + z) x y z} and with (I) it follows that 2rz=2zxyz4r2=2xy8r2=4xy9r2+(xy)2=r2+(x+y)2=r2+z22 r z = \sqrt{2 z x y z} \Leftrightarrow 4 r^{2} = 2 x y \Leftrightarrow 8 r^{2} = 4 x y \Leftrightarrow 9 r^{2} + (x - y)^{2} = r^{2} + (x + y)^{2} = r^{2} + z^{2}.
Since BDI=90\angle BDI = 90^{\circ} we have (III) BI2=r2+z2\overline{BI}^{2} = r^{2} + z^{2}.
Since PSACFIPS \perp AC \perp FI we have PI2=SF2+(PS+FI)2\overline{PI}^{2} = \overline{SF}^{2} + (\overline{PS} + \overline{FI})^{2}.
But SF=12ACx=x+y2x=yx2\overline{SF} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{AC} - x = \frac{x + y}{2} - x = \frac{y - x}{2} and FI=r\overline{FI} = r. Hence, using (II), we get PI2=(yx2)2+(32r)2=(yx)2+9r24\overline{PI}^{2} = \left(\frac{y - x}{2}\right)^{2} + \left(\frac{3}{2} r\right)^{2} = \frac{(y - x)^{2} + 9 r^{2}}{4}.
With (III) it follows that PI2=14BI2\overline{PI}^{2} = \frac{1}{4} \overline{BI}^{2}, hence PI=12BI\overline{PI} = \frac{1}{2} \overline{BI}.
Thus (IV) PI=PA=PC=PR\overline{PI} = \overline{PA} = \overline{PC} = \overline{PR}.

Moreover, under reflection at II, TT is mapped to PP. Hence also IT=PI\overline{IT} = \overline{PI}. BI\overline{BI} is the diameter of the circle through B,I,DB, I, D and EE (right angles at DD and EE). This circle has TT as its center. Under reflection of this circle at II, II is mapped to II, TT is mapped to PP, DD is mapped to KK, EE is mapped to LL, and the radius is preserved. With (IV) it follows that A,L,I,K,CA, L, I, K, C and RR lie on a circle about PP; hence ACKLACKL is a cyclic quadrilateral.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from de; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.