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Number theory Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Philippines

Problem:
Let x,y,zx, y, z be positive integers such that
(x+y)(y+z)=2016(x+y)(z+x)=1080 \begin{aligned} & (x+y)(y+z)=2016 \\ & (x+y)(z+x)=1080 \end{aligned}
Determine the smallest possible value for x+y+zx+y+z.

Solution

Solution:
Note that 2016=25×32×72016=2^{5} \times 3^{2} \times 7 and 1080=23×33×51080=2^{3} \times 3^{3} \times 5. Moreover
x+y+z=12((x+y)+(y+z)+(z+x)) x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}((x+y)+(y+z)+(z+x))
Since x+yx+y is a common factor for both 20162016 and 10801080, and we want x+y+zx+y+z to be as small as possible, then we try to find the largest possible factor for 20162016 and 10801080 such that x,y,zx, y, z are integers
(x+y)(y+z)=(23×32)×(22×7)=72×28(x+y)(z+x)=(23×32)×(3×5)=72×15 \begin{aligned} & (x+y)(y+z)=\left(2^{3} \times 3^{2}\right) \times\left(2^{2} \times 7\right)=72 \times 28 \\ & (x+y)(z+x)=\left(2^{3} \times 3^{2}\right) \times(3 \times 5)=72 \times 15 \end{aligned}
hence x+y=72,y+z=28,z+x=15x+y=72, y+z=28, z+x=15. But x+y+z=12(72+28+15)=57.5x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}(72+28+15)=57.5 which cannot be since x,y,zx, y, z are integers.
Therefore we try the following:
(x+y)(y+z)=(22×32)×(23×7)=36×56(x+y)(z+x)=(22×32)×(2×3×5)=36×30 \begin{aligned} & (x+y)(y+z)=\left(2^{2} \times 3^{2}\right) \times\left(2^{3} \times 7\right)=36 \times 56 \\ & (x+y)(z+x)=\left(2^{2} \times 3^{2}\right) \times(2 \times 3 \times 5)=36 \times 30 \end{aligned}
hence x+y+z=12(36+56+30)=61x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}(36+56+30)=61. This is the smallest possible sum given that x,y,zx, y, z are positive integers.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.