Number theoryDifficulty 5.1AIME, harderProve itSaudi Arabia
Find all pairs (x,y) of positive integers such that x2+y2+332=2010x−y
Solution
From 3∣x2+y2 it follows 3∣x and 3∣y, hence x=3u and y=3v, for some positive integers u and v. Replace in the equation and get 3(u2+v2+112)=6703(u−v), hence u−v=3k2, for some positive integer k, i.e. u2+v2+112=670k. We have u2+v2>(u−v)2=9k4, and obtain 9k4+121<670k, hence k<5.
Case 1. If k=2 or k=4, then u2+v2+112≡0(mod4), not possible since we have 112≡1(mod4) and u2,v2≡0 or 1(mod4).
Case 2. If k=1, then we get the system {u2+v2=549u−v=3 having integer solutions u=18 and v=15. In this case it follows x=54 and y=45.
Case 3. If k=3, then we get the system {u2+v2=1882u−v=27 having no solutions in integers.
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Source: MathNet,
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