Find all pairs of positive integers such that the arithmetic and geometric means of and are different two-digit numbers consisting of the same digits.
Solution
Let be the arithmetic mean of the given numbers, where and are decimal digits. Let and be the numbers we are searching for. Then, by the premises
which after squaring and simplifying gives . So, is divisible by , implying is divisible by and . Since and are primes, itself is divisible by and , and therefore by . Denoting , we get
from which we see, that the product is divisible by . Since is a prime, either or is divisible by . Since and and are single-digit numbers, we must have . Therefore . Since and are either both odd or both even, must be odd. So, , since implies , but must be positive. So, , , , and the corresponding pair is .
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