1. Graph Theoretic Interpretation: Consider the city as a graph G where houses are vertices and roads are edges. Let A and B be any two vertices (houses) in G. According to the problem, for any two vertices A and B, there exists exactly one vertex C such that both A and B are connected to C.
2. Adjacency and Subgraph: Let A be a vertex in G and let B1,B2,…,Bk be the vertices adjacent to A. The subgraph induced by the vertices B1,B2,…,Bk consists of 2k disjoint edges. This is because if we pick any vertex X in B, there must be a vertex Y in B such that XY is an edge. No other vertex in B can be connected to X or Y without contradicting the uniqueness condition.
3. **Vertices Not in A or B**: Consider any other vertex T in the graph that is not in A or B. By the problem's condition, T must be connected to exactly one vertex in B. This is because if T were connected to more than one vertex in B, it would contradict the uniqueness condition.
4. Sets of Adjacent Vertices: We can partition the vertices into sets S1,S2,…,Sk such that a vertex X is in Si if and only if X is connected to Bi. Without loss of generality, assume B1 is connected to B2, B3 is connected to B4, and so on.
5. Degree Calculation: Pick a vertex Q in B1. For each i>2, Q must be connected to a vertex in Bi. This is because the only vertices connected to Bi are in Si. Therefore, Q has at least degree k, as it is connected to B1, another vertex in S1, and there are k−2 sets Si>2.
6. Equality of Degrees: Given any two vertices A and B not connected to each other, we have deg(A)≥deg(B) and deg(B)≥deg(A). This implies deg(A)=deg(B).
■