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Algebra Difficulty 2.3 Junior Find the answer

For how many positive integers nn, with n100n \leq 100, is n3+5n2n^{3}+5n^{2} the square of an integer?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

For n3+5n2n^{3}+5n^{2} to be the square of an integer, n3+5n2\sqrt{n^{3}+5n^{2}} must be an integer. We know that n3+5n2=n2(n+5)=n2n+5=nn+5\sqrt{n^{3}+5n^{2}}=\sqrt{n^{2}(n+5)}=\sqrt{n^{2}} \sqrt{n+5}=n \sqrt{n+5}. For nn+5n \sqrt{n+5} to be an integer, n+5\sqrt{n+5} must be an integer. In other words, n+5n+5 must be a perfect square. Since nn is between 1 and 100, then n+5n+5 is between 6 and 105. The perfect squares in this range are 32=9,42=16,,102=1003^{2}=9,4^{2}=16, \ldots, 10^{2}=100. Thus, there are 8 perfect squares in this range. Therefore, there are 8 values of nn for which n+5\sqrt{n+5} is an integer, and thus for which n3+5n2n^{3}+5n^{2} is the square of an integer.

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