Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 4.8 AIME Find the answer

For what single digit nn does 91 divide the 9-digit number 12345n78912345 n 789?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Solution 1: 123450789 leaves a remainder of 7 when divided by 91, and 1000 leaves a remainder of 90, or -1, so adding 7 multiples of 1000 will give us a multiple of 91. Solution 2: For those who don't like long division, there is a quicker way. First notice that 91=71391=7 \cdot 13, and 71113=10017 \cdot 11 \cdot 13=1001. Observe that 12345n789=1231001000+45n10011231001+12345n+78912345 n 789=123 \cdot 1001000+45 n \cdot 1001-123 \cdot 1001+123-45 n+789. It follows that 91 will divide 12345n78912345 n 789 iff 91 divides 12345n+789=462n123-45 n+789=462-n. The number 462 is divisible by 7 and leaves a remainder of 7\mathbf{7} when divided by 13.

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