The polynomial f(x)=x3−3x2−4x+4 has three real roots r1,r2, and r3. Let g(x)=x3+ax2+bx+c be the polynomial which has roots s1,s2, and s3, where s1=r1+r2z+r3z2, s2=r1z+r2z2+r3,s3=r1z2+r2+r3z, and z=2−1+i3. Find the real part of the sum of the coefficients of g(x).
A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.
Solution
Note that z=e32πi=cos32π+isin32π, so that z3=1 and z2+z+1=0. Also, s2=s1z and s3=s1z2. Then, the sum of the coefficients of g(x) is g(1)=(1−s1)(1−s2)(1−s3)=(1−s1)(1−s1z)(1−s1z2)=1−(1+z+z2)s1+(z+z2+z3)s12−z3s13=1−s13. Meanwhile, s13=(r1+r2z+r3z2)3=r13+r23+r33+3r12r2z+3r12r3z2+3r22r3z+3r22r1z2+3r32r1z+3r32r2z2+6r1r2r3. Since the real parts of both z and z2 are −21, and since all of r1,r2, and r3 are real, the real part of s13 is r13+r23+r33−23(r12r2+⋯+r32r2)+6r1r2r3=(r1+r2+r3)3−29(r1+r2+r3)(r1r2+r2r3+r3r1)+227r1r2r3=33−29⋅3⋅−4+227⋅−4=27. Therefore, the answer is 1−27=−26.
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